In the rich tapestry of American history, many stories stand out in the fight for civil rights, yet some stories remain overshadowed. One such narrative is that of three determined nurses, now known as The Dixie 3, whose courageous act of defiance in 1963 sparked a movement and challenged systemic racism. The story was uncovered by filmmaker Denetra Hampton in 2020. She coined the nurses their name, THE DIXIE 3, which will forever be symbolic of the sit-in they organized, and the lasting influence of their actions, which have now been honored with a historical marker.
Denetra's film, The Dixie 3: A Story On Civil Rights in Nursing was the spark that opened the door for all to now know about these three civil rights iconic women. Although Mildred Smith died in 2013, Patricia Taylor McKenzie and Agnes Stokes Chisman are still alive and were present at the historical marker dedication.

A Stand For Civil Rights
In the early 1960s, America was experiencing significant social upheaval. Communities were demanding justice and equality, fighting against the deep-seated racism and segregation that plagued the South, especially in states like Hampton, Virginia. Statistics from that time highlight the disparities: nearly 35% of Black Americans lived in poverty, compared to just 10% of white residents. Public facilities, from schools to hospitals, enforced segregation, denying Black Americans equal access and dignity.
Amid this climate, the Dixie 3 emerged as a beacon of hope. These three African American nurses worked at Dixie Hospital in Hampton, Virginia, witnessing firsthand the injustices faced by their peers and community. The belief that change was possible prompted one nurse, Mildred Smith to take a bold step that would resonate throughout history. The other two nurses, Patricia Taylor McKenzie and Agnes Stokes-Chisman would stand by her side.

The Sit-In
On that pivotal day of August 8, 1963, Mildred Smith decided that enough was enough. It was her tenacity and bravery that initiated the fight against a policy that supported the "whites only" cafeteria at Dixie Hospital. Her courageous action sent ripples beyond the cafeteria, directly confronting the injustices of segregation. By choosing to sit at a table meant for white patrons, she sent a powerful message to the black employees. It was then that two other nurses decided that she could not do this alone. Agnes Stokes-Chisman and Patricia Taylor McKenzie came to her side.
It is reported that on that day, the nurses knew they might get fired, highlighting the intense societal pressures they were up against. Their act was not just about the physical seat they occupied; it was a bold protest against the broader systems of inequality that limited the rights and freedoms of Black Americans and nurses.
News of their sit-in spread quickly, igniting a sense of urgency within the hospital and black community. The nurses were fired.

The Impact of the Dixie 3
The impact of the Dixie 3 sit-in was far-reaching, making a significant contribution to the civil rights movement in Hampton and beyond. What began as a singular protest evolved into a powerful dialogue regarding race relations. For instance, Dixie Hospital opened up an integrated cafeteria due to similar protests across Virginia, illustrating the movement's momentum.
Their bravery inspired further demonstrations and targeted efforts aimed at dismantling segregation laws. Their actions showcased the profound impact of peaceful protest and the importance of standing up for justice.
Although recognition for their bravery has never been recognized until now, the Dixie 3 eventually received deserved acknowledgment for their significant contributions. On January 4, 2025, a historical marker was erected at the site of their protest, emphasizing the ongoing relevance of their story in the pursuit of social change.

Continuing the Legacy
Today, the story of the Dixie 3 serves as a powerful reminder of the ongoing fight for justice and equality. Their courage urges us to reflect on the persistent inequalities faced by marginalized communities and inspires us to take action against systemic injustices.
This narrative highlights the critical role of grassroots activism and illustrates how small acts can lead to significant changes. The Dixie 3 were not searching for accolades; they were ordinary individuals who inspired profound change. Their example compels current and future generations to raise their voices and get involved. Each person’s efforts can collectively create monumental shifts in society.
Remembering the Past to Inspire the Future
The legacy of the Dixie 3 continues to resonate as society tackles issues of inequality and injustice. Their brave act of defiance in an all-white cafeteria in 1963 exemplifies the courage needed to challenge discrimination and advocate for civil rights. The recent dedication of a historical marker not only honors their bravery but also serves as a reminder that the work towards true equality is far from complete.
As we learn from these unsung heroes, it is essential to celebrate those who fought against oppression. Their story reminds us that the journey toward civil rights has been paved by countless acts of bravery, often overlooked. Let us commit to ensuring that their legacy inspires us to continue the fight for justice and equality for all.
For Nurses By Nurses Productions.
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